Midwest

Minnesota

In 2023, Minnesota passed sweeping climate and environmental justice legislation, including mandatory emissions reductions targets, but the state has only decreased emissions 9% from 2005-2021 — compared to their target of 50% below 2005 levels by 2030. In the same year, they also passed a clean energy standard of 100% clean electricity by 2040, and renewable electricity generation has almost doubled over the last decade, largely from wind. While the state has no fossil fuel reserves or production, it plays an essential role in the interstate transport of coal, petroleum, and natural gas.
GHG Reduction Targets
All targets relative to 2005 levels
2025
30%
2030
50%
2050
Net-zero
Governor
Tim Walz (Democrat)
House Party
Democratic Majority
Senate Party
Democratic Majority
Legislative session
2/12/24 - 5/20/24
US Climate Alliance Status
Member

34

Policies Enacted or In Progress
across 7 policy areas

28

Policy Opportunities
across 6 policy areas

Midwest

12 states
This map shows the occurrence of climate policies passed at the state-level. Higher numbers represent more climate policies enacted.

Progress by Policy Area

  • Enacted
  • In-progress
  • Partially Enacted
  • Not Enacted
Glossary of Terms
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partially-enacted
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in-progress
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Greenhouse Gas Emissions Projections in Minnesota

Created in partnership with
Filters
Status Policy Policy Area Policy Category YR Enacted
Enacted
Empty column

Minnesota's Climate Action Framework

Climate Governance and Equity
Climate Governance 2022
Enacted
Empty column

Governor's Advisory Council on Climate Change

Climate Governance and Equity
Climate Governance 2019
Enacted
Empty column

Climate Change Subcabinet

Climate Governance and Equity
Climate Governance 2019
Enacted
Empty column

30% by 2025 | 50% by 2030 | net-zero by 2050

Relative to 2005 levels

Establishing Policies
Climate Governance and Equity
Climate Governance 2023
Enacted
Empty column

The 2005-2020 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory was published in January 2023.

Climate Governance and Equity
Climate Governance 2023
Enacted
Empty column

Requires the MPCA to complete a cumulative impact analysis of EJ areas when issuing a permit.

Establishing Policies
Climate Governance and Equity
Environmental Justice and Equity 2023
Enacted
Empty column

Environmental Justice Advisory Group

Climate Governance and Equity
Environmental Justice and Equity
Enacted
Empty column

MPCA – Environmental Justice Coordinator

Climate Governance and Equity
Environmental Justice and Equity
Enacted
Empty column

"Environmental justice areas" are census tracts where at least 40% of the population is nonwhite, 40% have limited English proficiency, 35% of households have an income of less than 200% of the federal poverty level, or those located within "Indian Country".

"Disadvantaged communities" are communities defined as disadvantaged by the federal agency disbursing federal funds, or as "environmental justice areas" as defined by the state.

Establishing Policies
Climate Governance and Equity
Environmental Justice and Equity 2023
Not Enacted
Empty column

Environmental justice (EJ) community investment requirements help ensure communities most impacted by environmental burdens are benefitting equitably from public programs by requiring a certain percentage of funds and/or benefits from other policies are allocated to EJ communities.

Climate Governance and Equity
Environmental Justice and Equity
Enacted
Empty column

Understanding Environmental Justice in Minnesota

Climate Governance and Equity
Environmental Justice and Equity 2023
Enacted
Empty column

Energy Transition Advisory Committee

Climate Governance and Equity
Just Transition 2021
Enacted
Empty column

The Energy Transition Grant program provides funds for research, planning, and implementation activities designed to assist the state's "energy transition communities" and workers following coal, natural gas, and nuclear plant closures.

Establishing Policies
Climate Governance and Equity
Just Transition 2023
Enacted
Empty column

Energy Transition Office within the Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development

Climate Governance and Equity
Just Transition 2021
Enacted
Empty column

Energy Transition Plan

Climate Governance and Equity
Just Transition 2022
Enacted
Empty column

Minnesota Climate Innovation Finance Authority

Cross-Sector
Climate Finance 2023
Not Enacted
Empty column

Carbon pollution pricing establishes a pollution fee or cap-and-trade program on the greenhouse gas emissions associated with each sector/source of emissions within the state. Programs typically cover the electricity, buildings, transportation, and/or industrial sectors.

Cross-Sector
Carbon Valuation
Enacted
Empty column

Utilities must incorporate the social cost of carbon in utility resource planning.

Cross-Sector
Carbon Valuation 2018
Enacted
Empty column

25% renewable energy by 2025 | 80% clean electricity for investor-owned utilities (IOUs), and 60% for munis and coops by 2030 | 55% renewable and 90% clean electricity by 2035 | 100% clean electricity by 2040

Electricity
Energy Plans and Targets 2023
Not Enacted
Empty column

Clean energy plans are documents that outline the policies and strategies states can implement to meet clean energy targets. Draft plans are often published first, and after a period of public comments and revisions, a final plan is released.

Electricity
Energy Plans and Targets
Not Enacted
Empty column

Electricity greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction targets are set by a state to limit GHG emissions in the electricity sector. These targets aim to reduce emissions by different amounts over time, often expressed as percentage relative to a baseline year.

Electricity
Energy Plans and Targets
Not Enacted
Empty column

Community choice aggregation allows local governments to procure power on behalf of their residents, businesses, and municipal accounts from an alternative supplier while still receiving transmission and distribution service from their existing utility provider.

Electricity
Clean Energy Generation
Partially Enacted
Empty column

The State Policy Opportunity Tracker (SPOT) breaks clean energy policies down into “components”, which are binary questions to evaluate policy quality. Higher quality policies have more of their SPOT components fulfilled.

Policy Components
enacted
not-enacted
not-enacted
enacted
enacted
3/5
Electricity
Clean Energy Generation
Partially Enacted
Empty column

The State Policy Opportunity Tracker (SPOT) breaks clean energy policies down into “components”, which are binary questions to evaluate policy quality. Higher quality policies have more of their SPOT components fulfilled.

Policy Components
enacted
enacted
enacted
not-enacted
enacted
not-enacted
enacted
enacted
enacted
enacted
not-enacted
8/11
Electricity
Clean Energy Generation
Partially Enacted
Empty column

The State Policy Opportunity Tracker (SPOT) breaks clean energy policies down into “components”, which are binary questions to evaluate policy quality. Higher quality policies have more of their SPOT components fulfilled.

Policy Components
enacted
enacted
enacted
not-enacted
enacted
enacted
5/6
Electricity
Clean Energy Generation
Not Enacted
Empty column

Energy storage targets establish procurement targets for energy storage systems by a certain date, often with interim targets. Targets can vary from broad megawatt (MW) requirements to more specific mandates that focus on the adoption of certain storage technologies.

Electricity
Transmission, Distribution, and Energy Storage
Enacted
Empty column

Minnesota received a C grade from Freeing the Grid.

Electricity
Transmission, Distribution, and Energy Storage 2023
Enacted
Empty column

Requires 100% of electric utilities’ total retail electric sales to be generated from carbon-free technologies by 2040, effectively eliminating coal from its electricity portfolio.

Establishing Policies
Electricity
Coal Retirement 2023
Not Enacted
Empty column

Coal securitization is a financing tool that allows utility companies to refinance debt they issued to build coal plants and close the facilities early without taking a financial hit or passing costs on to ratepayers.

Electricity
Coal Retirement
Enacted
Empty column

The statewide energy code for commercial building construction is ASHRAE 90.1-2019 with amendments.

Buildings and Efficiency
Building Codes 2023
Enacted
Empty column

The statewide energy code for residential construction is 2012 IECC with amendments.

Buildings and Efficiency
Building Codes 2014
Not Enacted
Empty column

Stretch building energy codes are an optional, more stringent building code established by the state that local jurisdictions can adopt to require that newly constructed buildings are more efficient than the baseline state codes.

Buildings and Efficiency
Building Codes
Enacted
Empty column

The sale of mercury-containing light bulbs will be phased out by 2025 in favor of LEDs.

Establishing Policies
Buildings and Efficiency
Building Standards 2024
In-Progress
Empty column

Minnesota recieved funding through the Inflation Reduction Act Support for Building Energy Codes and Innovative Codes to adopt, implement, and enforce a building performance standard to reduce emissions from existing buildings by 50% by 2035.

Buildings and Efficiency
Building Standards
Not Enacted
Empty column

Clean heat standards establish a performance standard requiring heat providers to deliver a gradually-increasing percentage of low-emission heating services to customers.

Buildings and Efficiency
Building Standards
Enacted
Empty column

Investor-owned electric utilities are required to achieve annual savings equivalent to 1.75% of gross annual energy sales, and public electric utilities are required to achieve annual savings equivalent to 1.5% of gross annual energy sales.

Investor-owned and public gas utilities are required to achieve annual savings equivalent to 1.0% of gross annual energy sales.

Establishing Policies
Buildings and Efficiency
Building Efficiency 2021
Enacted
Empty column

Minnesota has enacted commercial PACE-enabling legislation and has active programs.

Buildings and Efficiency
Building Efficiency 2010
Partially Enacted
Empty column

The State Policy Opportunity Tracker (SPOT) breaks clean energy policies down into “components”, which are binary questions to evaluate policy quality. Higher quality policies have more of their SPOT components fulfilled.

Policy Components
not-enacted
enacted
enacted
enacted
3/4
Buildings and Efficiency
Building Efficiency
Not Enacted
Empty column

All-electric buildings policies require new buildings to be constructed with all-electric heating, cooling, and cooking systems to transition away from fossil-fuel use in buildings.

Buildings and Efficiency
Building Electrification
Enacted
Empty column

The Electric Vehicle (EV) Rebate Program offers rebates for new and used electric or plug-in hybrid EVs: up to $2,500 for new EVs and $600 for used EVs.

Transportation
Light-Duty Vehicles 2023
Enacted
Empty column

Clean Cars Minnesota

Transportation
Light-Duty Vehicles 2021
Enacted
Empty column

Model Year (MY) 2025: 22% of new passenger vehicle sales are ZEVs.

Transportation
Light-Duty Vehicles 2021
Not Enacted
Empty column

Low NOx Omnibus Rules establish stringent tailpipe emission standards for heavy duty vehicles, updated testing procedures, and technology-neutral compliance mechanisms to reduce nitrous oxide (NOx) pollution. The regulation must be adopted first by California, and other states may adopt the regulation under the federal Clean Air Act.

Transportation
Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles
Not Enacted
Empty column

Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states.

Transportation
Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles
Not Enacted
Empty column

Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) electric vehicle rebates consist of programs and policies that offer rebates to make MHD electric vehicles more affordable to increase their adoption in a state.

Transportation
Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles
Not Enacted
Empty column

Electric bus procurement targets require that a certain percentage or number of school buses and/or transit buses purchased or leased by the state, transit authorities, and/or school districts must be electric or zero-emissions.

Transportation
Lead by Example
Not Enacted
Empty column

Public fleet electric vehicle (EV) procurement targets require that a certain percentage or number of vehicles purchased or leased by the state are zero-emission or electric vehicles. This can apply to passenger cars, light-duty vehicles, and/or medium- and heavy-duty vehicles in a state’s public fleet.

Transportation
Lead by Example
Not Enacted
Empty column

Electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure rebates offer rebates to make the purchase and/or installation costs of EV charging infrastructure more affordable.

Transportation
EV Charging Infrastructure
Not Enacted
Empty column

Electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure requirements establish mandates for the installation of EV charging infrastructure in new construction or developments, such as residential or commercial buildings, and public parking lots.

Transportation
EV Charging Infrastructure
Enacted
Empty column

2021 Minnesota Electric Vehicle Assessment

Transportation
Transportation Plans and Targets 2021
Not Enacted
Empty column

A low carbon fuel standard (LCFS) is a market-based mechanism to reduce the carbon intensity of transportation fuels and account for the fuel's life cycle greenhouse gas emissions.

Transportation
Transportation Plans and Targets
Enacted
Empty column

25% by 2025 | 50% by 2030 | 65% by 2035 | 80% by 2040 | net-zero by 2050

Relative to 2005 levels

Transportation
Transportation Plans and Targets 2023
Enacted
Empty column

Minnesota is ranked 5th out of 50 in the 2022 Bicycle Friendly State rankings by the League of American Bicyclists.

Policy Components
enacted
enacted
enacted
enacted
enacted
5/5
Transportation
Public and Active Transportation
Enacted
Empty column

The Environmental Standards Procurement Task Force is responsible for examining the implementation of a program requiring vendors of the state to measure, report, and limit the lifecycle greenhouse gas impact of certain construction materials.

Industry, Materials, and Waste Management
Industrial Decarbonization 2023
Not Enacted
Empty column

Hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) regulations include phasedown commitments, rulemakings, disclosure requirements, bans, or other measures that reduce HFC usage and emissions.

Industry, Materials, and Waste Management
F-gas Regulations
Not Enacted
Empty column

Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) regulations include phasedown commitments, reporting requirements, bans, or other measures that reduce SF6 usage and emissions.

Industry, Materials, and Waste Management
F-gas Regulations
Not Enacted
Empty column

Fracking bans prohibit the practice of hydraulic fracking for the production of oil and/or natural gas by a certain year. Legislation often requires an environmental agency or department to promulgate regulations.

Industry, Materials, and Waste Management
Oil and Gas Regulations
Not Enacted
Empty column

Oil and gas methane regulations include phasedown commitments, reporting requirements, leak detection and repair, or other measures that reduce methane emissions from oil and gas production.

Industry, Materials, and Waste Management
Oil and Gas Regulations
Not Enacted
Empty column

Food waste bans and targets include policies that prohibit certain entities that generate specified amounts of food waste (typically commercial businesses and larger institutions) from sending this waste to landfills. Targets aim to reduce total food waste by a certain percentage each target year.

Industry, Materials, and Waste Management
Waste Management
Not Enacted
Empty column

Landfill methane regulations include rulemakings, emissions monitoring, emissions control, or other measures that reduce methane emissions from decaying organic waste in landfills.

Industry, Materials, and Waste Management
Waste Management
Enacted
Empty column

The Soil Health Financial Assistance Program provides cost-share incentives for the purchase and retrofit of soil health equipment.

The Cover Crop Demonstration Grants Initiative provides grants to increase the establishment of cover crops and related tillage practices.

Natural and Working Lands
Agriculture 2022
Enacted
Empty column

Minnesota passed legislation to create a "Soil Health Practices Program" which may include both financial and technical support to establish soil health best practices.

Establishing Policies
Natural and Working Lands
Agriculture 2023

The State Climate Policy Dashboard tracks only passed policies and does not include bills currently proposed in legislative sessions. The website is intended to illustrate the current status of policies for each state, as well as key resources and model states for each policy.

Much of the information contained in this database is derived from the public domain, with links to resources provided. The information provided is made available solely for general information purposes and does not constitute legal advice. Click here for full Terms of Use.

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