Transportation

Medium- and Heavy-Duty (MHD) Zero-Emission Vehicle (ZEV) Mandates

Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) mandates, also referred to as the Advanced Clean Trucks (ACT) and Advanced Clean Fleet (ACF) regulations, are sales standards aimed at reducing emissions and fuel consumption in heavy-duty vehicles such as trucks, vans, tractors, and vocational vehicles. Similar to light-duty ZEV mandates, California has the unique authority to develop and implement these regulations, and other states may follow suit after California.

The ACT program, initially developed in California in 2021, serves as a cornerstone for other states to potentially adopt similar measures. Under the ACT program, manufacturers producing Class 2b–8 vehicles are mandated to increase the proportion of zero-emission trucks in their sales from 2024 to 2035.

The ACF program complements the ACT program by targeting fleet owners and operators, and currently has only been adopted by California. It encourages the adoption of zero-emission MHDVs within fleets through incentives, grants, and infrastructure support. By incentivizing fleet electrification, the ACF program contributes to reducing emissions and improving air quality, particularly in urban areas where heavy-duty vehicles often operate.

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Glossary of Terms

States with Policy Enacted

In Progress

Partially Enacted

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Key Resources

Glossary of Terms

Electric Vehicle Regulations and Laws: A Primer for Decision Makers

An overview of state and federal legislation on electric vehicles to assist policymakers.

2023

Source:

State Adoption of Advanced Clean Trucks

A list of states that have signed the 100% zero-emission truck MOU and fully adopted the ACT rule.

2023

Source:

Electric Trucks Now

Multi-State Medium- and Heavy-Duty Zero Emission Vehicle Memorandum of Understanding

An overview of state MHDV programs as agreed to by the Governors of 18 Signatory States via a memorandum of understanding (MOU).

2022

Source:

Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management (NESCAUM)

Decarbonizing Industry Resource Tool (DIRT)

A tool that helps project developers, industrial companies, and investors discover the state and federal financial incentives that may be applicable to their heavy industry and transport projects.

2024

Source:

Model Rules

Glossary of Terms

Advanced Clean Trucks Regulations

A regulation that states may adopt to establish greenhouse gas and co-pollutant emissions standards for medium- and heavy-duty vehicles (MHDVs), and to require increasing sales of electric MHDVs

2020

Source:

California Air Resources Board

Model States

Glossary of Terms

California

By 2035: 55% of Class 2b-3 truck sales are zero-emissions | 75% of Class 4-8 straight truck sales are zero emissions | 40% of Class 7-8 tractor sales are zero-emissions.

MY 2036: 100% of truck sales must be ZEVs.

By vehicle class:

- Drayage trucks – 2024: New trucks must be ZEV | 2035: 100% of drayage trucks must be ZEVs

- Public MHDVs – 2027: 100% of the state's fleet must be ZEVs

- “High-priority fleets”, defined as companies with at least 50 trucks owned and operated in the state or with more than $50 million in annual revenue – By 2042: 100% ZEVs

2021

Establishing Policies

Maryland

By 2035: 55% of Class 2b-3 truck sales are zero-emissions | 75% of Class 4-8 straight truck sales are zero-emissions | 40% of Class 7-8 tractor sales are zero-emissions.

2023

Establishing Policies

Rhode Island

By 2035: 55% of Class 2b-3 truck sales are zero-emissions | 75% of Class 4-8 straight truck sales are zero-emissions | 40% of Class 7-8 tractor sales are zero-emissions.

2023

Establishing Policies

Vermont

By 2035: 55% of Class 2b-3 truck sales are zero-emissions | 75% of Class 4-8 straight truck sales are zero-emissions | 40% of Class 7-8 tractor sales are zero-emissions.

2022

Establishing Policies

Advanced Clean Trucks Rule (2022)

Glossary of Terms

Filters

Status	State Sort descending	Region	YR Enacted
Not Enacted	Alabama Empty column Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column	Southeast
Not Enacted	Alaska Empty column Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column	West
Not Enacted	Arizona Empty column Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column	Southwest
Not Enacted	Arkansas Empty column Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column	Southeast
Enacted	California Empty column By 2035: 55% of Class 2b-3 truck sales are zero-emissions \| 75% of Class 4-8 straight truck sales are zero emissions \| 40% of Class 7-8 tractor sales are zero-emissions. MY 2036: 100% of truck sales must be ZEVs. By vehicle class: - Drayage trucks – 2024: New trucks must be ZEV \| 2035: 100% of drayage trucks must be ZEVs - Public MHDVs – 2027: 100% of the state's fleet must be ZEVs - “High-priority fleets”, defined as companies with at least 50 trucks owned and operated in the state or with more than $50 million in annual revenue – By 2042: 100% ZEVs Establishing Policies Advanced Clean Trucks Rule (2021) Advanced Clean Fleets Rule (2023) Advanced Clean Trucks Program Advanced Clean Fleets Program Empty column	West	2021
Enacted	Colorado Empty column By 2035: 55% of Class 2b-3 truck sales are zero-emissions \| 75% of Class 4-8 straight truck sales are zero-emissions \| 40% of Class 7-8 tractor sales are zero-emissions. Establishing Policies Colorado Clean Trucks (2023) Advanced Clean Trucks Program Empty column	West	2023
In-Progress	Connecticut Empty column DEEP is authorized to adopt California's medium- and heavy-duty electric vehicle standards Establishing Policies SB 4 (2022) Empty column	Northeast	2022
Not Enacted	Delaware Empty column Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column	Southeast
Not Enacted	Florida Empty column Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column	Southeast
Not Enacted	Georgia Empty column Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column	Southeast
Not Enacted	Hawai‘i Empty column Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column	West
Not Enacted	Idaho Empty column Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column	West
Not Enacted	Illinois Empty column Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column	Midwest
Not Enacted	Indiana Empty column Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column	Midwest
Not Enacted	Iowa Empty column Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column	Midwest
Not Enacted	Kansas Empty column Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column	Midwest
Not Enacted	Kentucky Empty column Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column	Southeast
Not Enacted	Louisiana Empty column Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column	Southeast
Not Enacted	Maine Empty column Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column	Northeast
Enacted	Maryland Empty column By 2035: 55% of Class 2b-3 truck sales are zero-emissions \| 75% of Class 4-8 straight truck sales are zero-emissions \| 40% of Class 7-8 tractor sales are zero-emissions. Establishing Policies HB 230 (2023) Advanced Clean Trucks Rule (2023) Empty column	Southeast	2023
Enacted	Massachusetts Empty column By 2035: 55% of Class 2b-3 truck sales are zero-emissions \| 75% of Class 4-8 straight truck sales are zero-emissions \| 40% of Class 7-8 tractor sales are zero-emissions. Establishing Policies Advanced Clean Trucks Rule (2022) Empty column	Northeast	2022
Not Enacted	Michigan Empty column Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column	Midwest
Not Enacted	Minnesota Empty column Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column	Midwest
Not Enacted	Mississippi Empty column Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column	Southeast
Not Enacted	Missouri Empty column Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column	Midwest
Not Enacted	Montana Empty column Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column	West
Not Enacted	Nebraska Empty column Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column	Midwest
Not Enacted	Nevada Empty column Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column	West
Not Enacted	New Hampshire Empty column Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column	Northeast
Enacted	New Jersey Empty column By 2035: 55% of Class 2b-3 truck sales are zero-emissions \| 75% of Class 4-8 straight truck sales are zero-emissions \| 40% of Class 7-8 tractor sales are zero-emissions. Establishing Policies Advanced Clean Truck Rules (2021) Advanced Clean Trucks Program Empty column	Northeast	2021
Enacted	New Mexico Empty column By 2035: 55% of Class 2b-3 truck sales are zero-emissions \| 75% of Class 4-8 straight truck sales are zero-emissions \| 40% of Class 7-8 tractor sales are zero-emissions. Establishing Policies Advanced Clean Trucks Rule (2023) Advanced Clean Trucks Program Empty column	Southwest	2023
Enacted	New York Empty column By 2035: 55% of Class 2b-3 truck sales are zero-emissions \| 75% of Class 4-8 straight truck sales are zero-emissions \| 40% of Class 7-8 tractor sales are zero-emissions. Establishing Policies A4302 (2021) Advanced Clean Trucks Rule (2021) Empty column	Northeast	2021
Not Enacted	North Carolina Empty column In 2022, Governor Cooper signed EO 271 directing the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality to propose that the Environmental Management Commission adopt an Advanced Clean Trucks (ACT) program by May 15, 2023. However, the 2023 budget included language that prohibits ACT's regulatory process from proceeding further. Establishing Policies Executive Order 271 (2022) HB 259 (2023) Empty column	Southeast
Not Enacted	North Dakota Empty column Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column	Midwest
Not Enacted	Ohio Empty column Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column	Midwest
Not Enacted	Oklahoma Empty column Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column	Southwest
Enacted	Oregon Empty column By 2035: 55% of Class 2b-3 truck sales are zero-emissions \| 75% of Class 4-8 straight truck sales are zero-emissions \| 40% of Class 7-8 tractor sales are zero-emissions. Establishing Policies Oregon Clean Trucks Rule (2021) Advanced Clean Trucks Program Empty column	West	2021
Not Enacted	Pennsylvania Empty column Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column	Northeast
Enacted	Rhode Island Empty column By 2035: 55% of Class 2b-3 truck sales are zero-emissions \| 75% of Class 4-8 straight truck sales are zero-emissions \| 40% of Class 7-8 tractor sales are zero-emissions. Establishing Policies Advanced Clean Trucks Rule (2023) Advanced Clean Trucks Program Empty column	Northeast	2023
Not Enacted	South Carolina Empty column Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column	Southeast
Not Enacted	South Dakota Empty column Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column	Midwest
Not Enacted	Tennessee Empty column Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column	Southeast
Not Enacted	Texas Empty column Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column	Southwest
Not Enacted	Utah Empty column Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column	West
Enacted	Vermont Empty column By 2035: 55% of Class 2b-3 truck sales are zero-emissions \| 75% of Class 4-8 straight truck sales are zero-emissions \| 40% of Class 7-8 tractor sales are zero-emissions. Establishing Policies Advanced Clean Trucks Rule (2022) Empty column	Northeast	2022
Not Enacted	Virginia Empty column Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column	Southeast
Enacted	Washington Empty column By 2035: 55% of Class 2b-3 truck sales are zero-emissions \| 75% of Class 4-8 straight truck sales are zero-emissions \| 40% of Class 7-8 tractor sales are zero-emissions. Establishing Policies Washington Advanced Clean Trucks Rule (2022) Advanced Clean Trucks Program Empty column	West	2022
Not Enacted	West Virginia Empty column Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column	Southeast
Not Enacted	Wisconsin Empty column Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column	Midwest
Not Enacted	Wyoming Empty column Medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) zero-emission vehicle mandates, also known as "Advanced Clean Trucks", require automakers to produce and sell a certain number of zero-emission MHD vehicles to fulfill a quota based on a percentage of total sales in states. Empty column	West

Medium- and Heavy-Duty (MHD) Zero-Emission Vehicle (ZEV) Mandates

Key Resources

Model Rules

Model States

Medium- and Heavy-Duty (MHD) Zero-Emission Vehicle (ZEV) Mandates By State