Electricity

Clean Energy and Renewable Portfolio Standards

One of the longest-standing strategies to advance renewable energy, renewable portfolio standards (RPSs) require a specific percentage or megawatt hour (MWh) of electricity sold by utilities in the state to be generated by renewable resources, such as wind, solar, and hydropower.

Several states opt for a clean energy standard (CES), which expands the definition of qualifying resources to zero-carbon energy sources that may not be considered renewable, such as nuclear energy. States can define what “renewable” and “clean” resources are under their RPS and CES, which is often the main distinction between the two policies, and in most cases a CES will include an RPS as part of the requirement. RPS and CES policies usually include a set of incremental milestones that increase the level of renewable or clean energy supplied to in-state consumers each year.

Typically, RPS and CES policies place the obligation of achieving these targets on the utility, and may establish different targets and timelines for municipal utilities, electricity cooperatives, and investor-owned utilities (IOUs). These entities are responsible for the planning processes, requests for proposals, and contracts required to ensure they deliver the requisite level of renewable or clean electricity in their energy supply.

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Glossary of Terms

States with Policy Enacted

In Progress

Partially Enacted

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Key Resources

Glossary of Terms

U.S. State Renewables Portfolio & Clean Electricity Standards: 2024 Status Update

A report that provides an overview and status update on U.S. state renewables portfolio standards (RPS) and 100% clean electricity standards (CES) adopted by a growing number of states.

2024

Source:

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Equity in State 100% Clean Energy Legislation and Executive Orders

A report that identifies, collects, and summarizes all equity-related provisions included in 100% clean energy legislation and executive orders.

2022

Source:

Clean Energy States Alliance

Policy Explainer: Creating Demand for Clean Energy with Renewable Portfolio Standards

A policy explainer that provides an overview of renewable portfolio standards, how they operate, and key design recommendations to drive renewable energy development.

2022

Source:

Climate XChange

100% for 100% Climate Narrative and Movement Building Case Study

A report and case study that documents how The Solutions Project popularized 100% renewable energy goals with a center focus on an equitable narrative.

2021

Source:

The Solutions Project

Model Rules

Glossary of Terms

LPDD Model Law: State Legislation to Decarbonize the Generation of Electricity

A model state statute that commits a state to a retail electricity supply entirely free of greenhouse gas emissions by 2045, including a coal phaseout, based on the Clean Energy Transformation Act (CETA) enacted in 2019 in Washington State.

2024

Source:

LPDD

Model States

Glossary of Terms

Minnesota

25% renewable energy by 2025 | 80% clean electricity for investor-owned utilities (IOUs), and 60% for munis and coops by 2030 | 55% renewable and 90% clean electricity by 2035 | 100% clean electricity by 2040

2023

Establishing Policies

Rhode Island

100% renewable energy by 2033

2022

Establishing Policies

HB 7277A (2022)

Vermont

63% renewable energy by 2025 | 100% by 2030 for utilities serving at least 75,000 customers | 100% by 2035 for utilities serving less than 75,000 customers

2024

Establishing Policies

H.289 (2024)

Washington

15% renewable energy by 2020 | 100% greenhouse gas neutral by 2030 | 100% renewable or zero-emitting energy by 2045

2019

Establishing Policies

SB 5116 (2019)

Glossary of Terms

Filters

Status	State Sort descending	Region	YR Enacted
Not Enacted	Alabama Empty column Clean energy standards and renewable portfolio standards set a target for a specific amount of clean or renewable electricity the state must generate by a certain year, often with incremental targets over time. Empty column	Southeast
Not Enacted	Alaska Empty column Clean energy standards and renewable portfolio standards set a target for a specific amount of clean or renewable electricity the state must generate by a certain year, often with incremental targets over time. Empty column	West
Enacted	Arizona Empty column 15% renewable energy by 2025, on an annual load basis Establishing Policies Ariz. Admin. Code §14-2-1801 et seq (2007) Empty column	Southwest	2007
Not Enacted	Arkansas Empty column Clean energy standards and renewable portfolio standards set a target for a specific amount of clean or renewable electricity the state must generate by a certain year, often with incremental targets over time. Empty column	Southeast
Enacted	California Empty column 60% renewable electricity by 2030 \| 90% by 2035 \| 95% by 2040 \| 100% by 2045 Establishing Policies SB 100 (2018) SB 1020 (2022) Empty column	West	2022
Enacted	Colorado Empty column 30% renewable energy by 2020 for investor-owned utilities (IOUs) \| 10% or 20% renewable energy by 2020 for munis and coops depending on size \| 100% clean energy by 2050 for IOUs serving 500,000 or more customers Establishing Policies SB 19-236 (2019) Empty column	West	2019
Enacted	Connecticut Empty column 48% renewable energy by 2030 Establishing Policies SB 9 (2018) Empty column	Northeast	2018
Enacted	Delaware Empty column 25% renewable energy by 2025 \| 40% by 2035 Establishing Policies SB 33 (2021) Empty column	Southeast	2021
Not Enacted	Florida Empty column Clean energy standards and renewable portfolio standards set a target for a specific amount of clean or renewable electricity the state must generate by a certain year, often with incremental targets over time. Empty column	Southeast
Not Enacted	Georgia Empty column Clean energy standards and renewable portfolio standards set a target for a specific amount of clean or renewable electricity the state must generate by a certain year, often with incremental targets over time. Empty column	Southeast
Enacted	Hawai‘i Empty column 40% renewable energy by 2030 \| 70% by 2040 \| 100% by 2045 Establishing Policies HB 623 (2015) Empty column	West	2015
Not Enacted	Idaho Empty column Clean energy standards and renewable portfolio standards set a target for a specific amount of clean or renewable electricity the state must generate by a certain year, often with incremental targets over time. Empty column	West
Enacted	Illinois Empty column 100% zero-carbon power by 2045 \| 100% clean energy by 2050 Establishing Policies SB 2408 (2021) Empty column	Midwest	2021
Enacted	Indiana Empty column Voluntary target of 10% clean energy by 2025 Establishing Policies Ind. Code §8-1-37 (2011) Empty column	Midwest	2011
Enacted	Iowa Empty column 105 megawatts (MW) of renewable generating capacity for IOUs Establishing Policies Iowa Code §476.41 et seq (1983) Empty column	Midwest	1983
Enacted	Kansas Empty column Voluntary targets that 20% of each investor-owned utilities (IOUs) peak demand be generated by renewable resources by 2020. Establishing Policies SB 91 (2015) Empty column	Midwest	2015
Not Enacted	Kentucky Empty column Clean energy standards and renewable portfolio standards set a target for a specific amount of clean or renewable electricity the state must generate by a certain year, often with incremental targets over time. Empty column	Southeast
Not Enacted	Louisiana Empty column Clean energy standards and renewable portfolio standards set a target for a specific amount of clean or renewable electricity the state must generate by a certain year, often with incremental targets over time. Empty column	Southeast
Enacted	Maine Empty column 80% renewable energy by 2030 \| 100% by 2050 Establishing Policies LD 1494 (2019) Empty column	Northeast	2019
Enacted	Maryland Empty column 30.5% renewable energy by 2020 \| 50% by 2030 Establishing Policies SB 516 (2019) Empty column	Southeast	2019
Enacted	Massachusetts Empty column 40% renewable energy by 2030 Establishing Policies S.9 (2021) Empty column	Northeast	2021
Enacted	Michigan Empty column 15% renewable energy by 2027 \| 50% by 2030 \| 60% renewable and 80% clean energy by 2035 \| 100% clean energy by 2040 Establishing Policies SB 271 (2023) Empty column	Midwest	2023
Enacted	Minnesota Empty column 25% renewable energy by 2025 \| 80% clean electricity for investor-owned utilities (IOUs), and 60% for munis and coops by 2030 \| 55% renewable and 90% clean electricity by 2035 \| 100% clean electricity by 2040 Establishing Policies Minn. Stat. §216B.1691 (2007) HF 7 (2007) Empty column	Midwest	2023
Not Enacted	Mississippi Empty column Clean energy standards and renewable portfolio standards set a target for a specific amount of clean or renewable electricity the state must generate by a certain year, often with incremental targets over time. Empty column	Southeast
Enacted	Missouri Empty column 15% renewable energy by 2021 Establishing Policies Mo. Rev. Stat. §393.1020 et seq. (2007) Empty column	Midwest	2007
Not Enacted	Montana Empty column Clean energy standards and renewable portfolio standards set a target for a specific amount of clean or renewable electricity the state must generate by a certain year, often with incremental targets over time. Empty column	West
Not Enacted	Nebraska Empty column Clean energy standards and renewable portfolio standards set a target for a specific amount of clean or renewable electricity the state must generate by a certain year, often with incremental targets over time. Empty column	Midwest
Enacted	Nevada Empty column 50% renewable energy by 2030 \| 100% carbon-free energy by 2050 Establishing Policies SB 358 (2019) Empty column	West	2019
Enacted	New Hampshire Empty column 25.2% renewable energy by 2025 Establishing Policies N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. §362-F. (2007) Empty column	Northeast	2007
Enacted	New Jersey Empty column 50% renewable energy by 2030 \| 100% clean electricity by 2035 Establishing Policies A 3723 (2018) Executive Order 315 (2023) Empty column	Northeast	2023
Enacted	New Mexico Empty column 40% renewable energy by 2025 \| 80% by 2040 \| 100% zero-carbon electricity by 2045 Establishing Policies SB 489 (2019) Empty column	Southwest	2019
Enacted	New York Empty column 70% renewable electricity by 2030 \| 100% carbon-free electricity by 2040 Establishing Policies S6599 - Climate Leadership and Community Protection Act (2019) Empty column	Northeast	2019
Enacted	North Carolina Empty column 10% renewable energy by 2018 for munis and coops \| 12.5% renewable energy by 2021 for investor-owned utilities (IOUs) Establishing Policies N.C. Gen. Stat. §62-133.8 (2007) Empty column	Southeast	2007
Enacted	North Dakota Empty column 10% renewable energy by 2015 Establishing Policies HB 1506 (2007) Empty column	Midwest	2007
Enacted	Ohio Empty column 8.5% renewable energy by 2026 Establishing Policies HB 6 (2019) Empty column	Midwest	2019
Enacted	Oklahoma Empty column 15% renewable energy by 2015 Establishing Policies HB 3028 (2010) Empty column	Southwest	2010
Enacted	Oregon Empty column 35% renewable energy by 2030 \| 45% by 2035 \| 50% by 2040 Establishing Policies SB 1547 (2016) Empty column	West	2016
Enacted	Pennsylvania Empty column 18% renewable energy by 2020-2021 Establishing Policies Pa. Cons. Stat. tit. 66 §2814 (2004) Empty column	Northeast	2004
Enacted	Rhode Island Empty column 100% renewable energy by 2033 Establishing Policies HB 7277A (2022) Empty column	Northeast	2022
Enacted	South Carolina Empty column 2% renewable energy by 2021 Establishing Policies SB 1189 (2014) Empty column	Southeast	2014
Enacted	South Dakota Empty column 10% renewable energy by 2015 Establishing Policies HB 1123 (2008) Empty column	Midwest	2008
Not Enacted	Tennessee Empty column Clean energy standards and renewable portfolio standards set a target for a specific amount of clean or renewable electricity the state must generate by a certain year, often with incremental targets over time. Empty column	Southeast
Enacted	Texas Empty column 5,880 MW renewable energy by 2015 \| 10,000 MW by 2025 Establishing Policies SB 7 (1999) Empty column	Southwest	1999
Enacted	Utah Empty column 20% renewable energy by 2025 Establishing Policies SB 202 (2008) Empty column	West	2008
Enacted	Vermont Empty column 63% renewable energy by 2025 \| 100% by 2030 for utilities serving at least 75,000 customers \| 100% by 2035 for utilities serving less than 75,000 customers Establishing Policies H.289 (2024) Empty column	Northeast	2024
Enacted	Virginia Empty column 100% renewable energy for Phase II Utilities by 2045 \| 100% for Phase I Utilities by 2050 Establishing Policies HB 1526 (2020) SB 851 (2020) Empty column	Southeast	2020
Enacted	Washington Empty column 15% renewable energy by 2020 \| 100% greenhouse gas neutral by 2030 \| 100% renewable or zero-emitting energy by 2045 Establishing Policies SB 5116 (2019) Empty column	West	2019
Not Enacted	West Virginia Empty column Clean energy standards and renewable portfolio standards set a target for a specific amount of clean or renewable electricity the state must generate by a certain year, often with incremental targets over time. Empty column	Southeast
Enacted	Wisconsin Empty column 10% renewable energy by 2015 \| 100% carbon-free electricity by 2050 Establishing Policies Wisconsin Statute § 196.378 (1998) Executive Order 38 (2019) Empty column	Midwest	2019
Not Enacted	Wyoming Empty column Clean energy standards and renewable portfolio standards set a target for a specific amount of clean or renewable electricity the state must generate by a certain year, often with incremental targets over time. Empty column	West

Clean Energy and Renewable Portfolio Standards

Key Resources

Model Rules

Model States

Clean Energy and Renewable Portfolio Standards By State