Environmental Justice Community Definitions
An environmental justice (EJ) community, also known as a disadvantaged, underserved, or overburdened community, is a group within a certain geographic location that experiences disproportionate environmental harms and risks and may share certain socioeconomic conditions. This can be the result of greater exposure to environmental hazards, vulnerability to climate impacts, lack of opportunity for public participation, and other health-related and sociopolitical circumstances. EJ community designation is often based on environmental factors, like air and water pollution and hazardous waste; socioeconomic factors, like race and income; and health factors, like rates of asthma and cardiovascular disease, and some states also designate all Tribal lands as EJ communities.
In order to identify environmental justice communities, states establish explicit, directly measurable definitions. These definitions describe the specific, quantifiable thresholds that qualify a geographical area as an EJ community, typically at the census tract or block group level within states.
Key Resources
Disadvantaged Communities (DAC) Report
State and Federal Environmental Justice Efforts
Environmental Justice State Directory
State and Federal EJ Communitites' Definitions
Model States
California
"Disadvantaged communities" are the 25% highest scoring census tracts from CalEnviroScreen, which includes areas burdened by combinations of poverty, high unemployment, air and water pollution, presence of hazardous wastes, and/or high incidence of asthma and heart disease, as well as all Tribal lands.
Minnesota
"Environmental justice areas" are census tracts where at least 40% of the population is nonwhite, 40% have limited English proficiency, 35% of households have an income of less than 200% of the federal poverty level, or those located within "Indian Country".
"Disadvantaged communities" are communities defined as disadvantaged by the federal agency disbursing federal funds, or as "environmental justice areas" as defined by the state.
New Mexico
"Disproportionately impacted communities" are communities or populations of people for which multiple burdens, including environmental and socioeconomic stressors, inequity, poverty, high unemployment, pollution, or discrimination, may act to persistently and negatively affect their health, well-being, and environment; includes tribal communities, communities of color, low-income rural communities, native people, people of color, women, immigrants, youth, formerly incarcerated people, LGBTQ people, and people with disabilities.
New York
"Disadvantaged communities" are the 35% highest scoring census tracts based on 45 indicators related to environmental burdens, climate change risks, population characteristics, and health vulnerabilities, as well as all tracts containing federally designated reservations or State-recognized Nation-owned land.
Environmental Justice Community Definitions By State
Status | State Sort descending | Region | Components | YR Enacted | |
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Not Enacted |
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Environmental justice (EJ) community definitions identify the specific, quantifiable thresholds that designate a geographical area as an EJ community. These definitions account for multiple factors, including both environmental and socioeconomic stressors, that may contribute to persistent environmental health disparities. Empty column
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Southeast | |||
Not Enacted |
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Environmental justice (EJ) community definitions identify the specific, quantifiable thresholds that designate a geographical area as an EJ community. These definitions account for multiple factors, including both environmental and socioeconomic stressors, that may contribute to persistent environmental health disparities. Empty column
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West | |||
Not Enacted |
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Environmental justice (EJ) community definitions identify the specific, quantifiable thresholds that designate a geographical area as an EJ community. These definitions account for multiple factors, including both environmental and socioeconomic stressors, that may contribute to persistent environmental health disparities. Empty column
|
Southwest | |||
Not Enacted |
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Environmental justice (EJ) community definitions identify the specific, quantifiable thresholds that designate a geographical area as an EJ community. These definitions account for multiple factors, including both environmental and socioeconomic stressors, that may contribute to persistent environmental health disparities. Empty column
|
Southeast | |||
Enacted |
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"Disadvantaged communities" are the 25% highest scoring census tracts from CalEnviroScreen, which includes areas burdened by combinations of poverty, high unemployment, air and water pollution, presence of hazardous wastes, and/or high incidence of asthma and heart disease, as well as all Tribal lands. Establishing Policies
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West | 2012 | ||
Enacted |
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"Disproportionately impacted communities" are census block groups where over 40% of households are low income or non-Hispanic White, 50% of households are housing cost-burdened, 20% are linguistically isolated, and/or those with a history of environmental racism or cumulative environmental health disparities, measured as the 20% highest scoring census tracts in Colorado EnviroScreen or federally-designated disadvantaged communities; the definition also includes all Tribal lands and Mobile Home Communities. Establishing Policies
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West | 2023 | ||
Enacted |
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"Environmental justice communities" are census block groups where at least 30% of the population is living below 200% of the federal poverty level, or municipalities that are the most fiscally and economically distressed, based on tax base, personal income, and residents' need for public services. Establishing Policies
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Northeast | 2012 | ||
Not Enacted |
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Environmental justice (EJ) community definitions identify the specific, quantifiable thresholds that designate a geographical area as an EJ community. These definitions account for multiple factors, including both environmental and socioeconomic stressors, that may contribute to persistent environmental health disparities. Empty column
|
Southeast | |||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Environmental justice (EJ) community definitions identify the specific, quantifiable thresholds that designate a geographical area as an EJ community. These definitions account for multiple factors, including both environmental and socioeconomic stressors, that may contribute to persistent environmental health disparities. Empty column
|
Southeast | |||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Environmental justice (EJ) community definitions identify the specific, quantifiable thresholds that designate a geographical area as an EJ community. These definitions account for multiple factors, including both environmental and socioeconomic stressors, that may contribute to persistent environmental health disparities. Empty column
|
Southeast | |||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Environmental justice (EJ) community definitions identify the specific, quantifiable thresholds that designate a geographical area as an EJ community. These definitions account for multiple factors, including both environmental and socioeconomic stressors, that may contribute to persistent environmental health disparities. Empty column
|
West | |||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Environmental justice (EJ) community definitions identify the specific, quantifiable thresholds that designate a geographical area as an EJ community. These definitions account for multiple factors, including both environmental and socioeconomic stressors, that may contribute to persistent environmental health disparities. Empty column
|
West | |||
Enacted |
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"Environmental justice communities" are the 25% highest scoring census block groups based on factors including environmental hazards, income, race, health, and other environmental and socioeconomic criteria used by the U.S. EPA's EJScreen; communities are also able to request self-designation as an EJ community. Establishing Policies
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Midwest | 2017 | ||
Not Enacted |
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Environmental justice (EJ) community definitions identify the specific, quantifiable thresholds that designate a geographical area as an EJ community. These definitions account for multiple factors, including both environmental and socioeconomic stressors, that may contribute to persistent environmental health disparities. Empty column
|
Midwest | |||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Environmental justice (EJ) community definitions identify the specific, quantifiable thresholds that designate a geographical area as an EJ community. These definitions account for multiple factors, including both environmental and socioeconomic stressors, that may contribute to persistent environmental health disparities. Empty column
|
Midwest | |||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Environmental justice (EJ) community definitions identify the specific, quantifiable thresholds that designate a geographical area as an EJ community. These definitions account for multiple factors, including both environmental and socioeconomic stressors, that may contribute to persistent environmental health disparities. Empty column
|
Midwest | |||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Environmental justice (EJ) community definitions identify the specific, quantifiable thresholds that designate a geographical area as an EJ community. These definitions account for multiple factors, including both environmental and socioeconomic stressors, that may contribute to persistent environmental health disparities. Empty column
|
Southeast | |||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Environmental justice (EJ) community definitions identify the specific, quantifiable thresholds that designate a geographical area as an EJ community. These definitions account for multiple factors, including both environmental and socioeconomic stressors, that may contribute to persistent environmental health disparities. Empty column
|
Southeast | |||
Enacted |
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"Frontline communities" are defined as those people and communities that experience the consequences of climate change first and to a greater degree than others. The Department of Environmental Protection must also define "environmental justice populations," taking into consideration, at a minimum, median household income, race, ethnicity, and English language proficiency. Establishing Policies
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Northeast | 2022 | ||
Enacted |
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"Overburdened communities" are the 25% highest scoring census tracts in 3 or more of 21 environmental health indicators, related to pollution exposure, proximity to environmental hazards, and health outcomes. "Underserved communities" are census tracts where at least 25% of residents are low-income, 50% are nonwhite, or 15% have limited English proficiency Establishing Policies
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Southeast | 2022 | ||
Enacted |
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"Environmental justice populations" are neighborhoods where the median household income is 65% or less of the statewide median, minorities comprise 40% or more of the population, 25% or more of households lack English proficiency, or minorities comprise 25% of the population and the median household income does not exceed 150%. Establishing Policies
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Northeast | 2021 | ||
Not Enacted |
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Environmental justice (EJ) community definitions identify the specific, quantifiable thresholds that designate a geographical area as an EJ community. These definitions account for multiple factors, including both environmental and socioeconomic stressors, that may contribute to persistent environmental health disparities. Empty column
|
Midwest | |||
Enacted |
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"Environmental justice areas" are census tracts where at least 40% of the population is nonwhite, 40% have limited English proficiency, 35% of households have an income of less than 200% of the federal poverty level, or those located within "Indian Country". "Disadvantaged communities" are communities defined as disadvantaged by the federal agency disbursing federal funds, or as "environmental justice areas" as defined by the state. Establishing Policies
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|
Midwest | 2023 | ||
Not Enacted |
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Environmental justice (EJ) community definitions identify the specific, quantifiable thresholds that designate a geographical area as an EJ community. These definitions account for multiple factors, including both environmental and socioeconomic stressors, that may contribute to persistent environmental health disparities. Empty column
|
Southeast | |||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Environmental justice (EJ) community definitions identify the specific, quantifiable thresholds that designate a geographical area as an EJ community. These definitions account for multiple factors, including both environmental and socioeconomic stressors, that may contribute to persistent environmental health disparities. Empty column
|
Midwest | |||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Environmental justice (EJ) community definitions identify the specific, quantifiable thresholds that designate a geographical area as an EJ community. These definitions account for multiple factors, including both environmental and socioeconomic stressors, that may contribute to persistent environmental health disparities. Empty column
|
West | |||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Environmental justice (EJ) community definitions identify the specific, quantifiable thresholds that designate a geographical area as an EJ community. These definitions account for multiple factors, including both environmental and socioeconomic stressors, that may contribute to persistent environmental health disparities. Empty column
|
Midwest | |||
Enacted |
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"Historically underserved communities" are census tracts where at least 20% of households have limited English proficiency, 50% of households are low-income, or which has a poverty rate of at least 25%; or are communities located on qualified tribal land; or are public schools in which 75% or more of students are eligible for free or reduced-price lunches. Establishing Policies
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|
West | 2021 | ||
Not Enacted |
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Environmental justice (EJ) community definitions identify the specific, quantifiable thresholds that designate a geographical area as an EJ community. These definitions account for multiple factors, including both environmental and socioeconomic stressors, that may contribute to persistent environmental health disparities. Empty column
|
Northeast | |||
Enacted |
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"Overburdened communities" are census block groups where at least 35% of households are low-income, 40% have limited English proficiency, or 40% of residents are minorities or members of a State recognized tribal community. Establishing Policies
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|
Northeast | 2020 | ||
Enacted |
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"Disproportionately impacted communities" are communities or populations of people for which multiple burdens, including environmental and socioeconomic stressors, inequity, poverty, high unemployment, pollution, or discrimination, may act to persistently and negatively affect their health, well-being, and environment; includes tribal communities, communities of color, low-income rural communities, native people, people of color, women, immigrants, youth, formerly incarcerated people, LGBTQ people, and people with disabilities. Establishing Policies
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|
Southwest | 2021 | ||
Enacted |
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"Disadvantaged communities" are the 35% highest scoring census tracts based on 45 indicators related to environmental burdens, climate change risks, population characteristics, and health vulnerabilities, as well as all tracts containing federally designated reservations or State-recognized Nation-owned land. Establishing Policies
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|
Northeast | 2019 | ||
Enacted |
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"Underserved populations" are census block groups where (1) at least 50% of residents are non-White or which have a non-White population 10% higher than the county or state share; and (2) where 20% of the population is experiencing poverty and the share of households in poverty is at least 5% higher than the county or state share. Establishing Policies
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|
Southeast | 2022 | ||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Environmental justice (EJ) community definitions identify the specific, quantifiable thresholds that designate a geographical area as an EJ community. These definitions account for multiple factors, including both environmental and socioeconomic stressors, that may contribute to persistent environmental health disparities. Empty column
|
Midwest | |||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Environmental justice (EJ) community definitions identify the specific, quantifiable thresholds that designate a geographical area as an EJ community. These definitions account for multiple factors, including both environmental and socioeconomic stressors, that may contribute to persistent environmental health disparities. Empty column
|
Midwest | |||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Environmental justice (EJ) community definitions identify the specific, quantifiable thresholds that designate a geographical area as an EJ community. These definitions account for multiple factors, including both environmental and socioeconomic stressors, that may contribute to persistent environmental health disparities. Empty column
|
Southwest | |||
Enacted |
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"Environmental justice communities” are communities of color, low-income communities, communities experiencing health inequities, tribal communities, rural, remote, or coastal communities, communities with limited infrastructure, and other communities traditionally underrepresented in public processes and adversely harmed by environmental and health hazards. Establishing Policies
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|
West | 2022 | ||
Enacted |
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"Environmental justice areas" are the 20% highest scoring census tracts from PennEnviroScreen, which includes components related to pollution burden, such as environmental exposures and effects, and population characteristics, such as indicators related to health outcomes and socioeconomic factors. Establishing Policies
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Northeast | 2018 | ||
Enacted |
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"Environmental Justice Focus Areas" are census tracts where the median household income is less than 65% of statewide median income, at least 40% of the population are minorities, at least 25% of households lack English proficiency, or at least 25% of the population are minorities and the municipality's median household income does not exceed 150% of statewide median income. Establishing Policies
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Northeast | 2023 | ||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Environmental justice (EJ) community definitions identify the specific, quantifiable thresholds that designate a geographical area as an EJ community. These definitions account for multiple factors, including both environmental and socioeconomic stressors, that may contribute to persistent environmental health disparities. Empty column
|
Southeast | |||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Environmental justice (EJ) community definitions identify the specific, quantifiable thresholds that designate a geographical area as an EJ community. These definitions account for multiple factors, including both environmental and socioeconomic stressors, that may contribute to persistent environmental health disparities. Empty column
|
Midwest | |||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Environmental justice (EJ) community definitions identify the specific, quantifiable thresholds that designate a geographical area as an EJ community. These definitions account for multiple factors, including both environmental and socioeconomic stressors, that may contribute to persistent environmental health disparities. Empty column
|
Southeast | |||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Environmental justice (EJ) community definitions identify the specific, quantifiable thresholds that designate a geographical area as an EJ community. These definitions account for multiple factors, including both environmental and socioeconomic stressors, that may contribute to persistent environmental health disparities. Empty column
|
Southwest | |||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Environmental justice (EJ) community definitions identify the specific, quantifiable thresholds that designate a geographical area as an EJ community. These definitions account for multiple factors, including both environmental and socioeconomic stressors, that may contribute to persistent environmental health disparities. Empty column
|
West | |||
Enacted |
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“Environmental justice focus populations” are census block groups in which the annual median household income is less than 80% of the State median household income, at least 6% of the population are people of color or Indigenous people, or at least 1% of households have limited English proficiency. Establishing Policies
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|
Northeast | 2022 | ||
Enacted |
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"Environmental justice communities" are geographic areas in which the percentage of the population of color is higher than the statewide share, or are census block groups in which at least 30% of the population has an annual household income less than 80% of the area's median income and 200% of the federal poverty level. Establishing Policies
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|
Southeast | 2020 | ||
Enacted |
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"Overburdened communities" are areas that (1) receive a 9 or 10 ranking out of 10 on the Washington Environmental Health Disparities (EHD) Map, are census block groups in the 90th percentile on the U.S. EPA's EJScreen, or are on Tribal land; (2) have an elevated level of at least one criteria air pollutant; and (3) meet the threshold for at least one of 8 indicators related to air pollution exposure, health impacts, or vulnerability. Establishing Policies
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|
West | 2021 | ||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Environmental justice (EJ) community definitions identify the specific, quantifiable thresholds that designate a geographical area as an EJ community. These definitions account for multiple factors, including both environmental and socioeconomic stressors, that may contribute to persistent environmental health disparities. Empty column
|
Southeast | |||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Environmental justice (EJ) community definitions identify the specific, quantifiable thresholds that designate a geographical area as an EJ community. These definitions account for multiple factors, including both environmental and socioeconomic stressors, that may contribute to persistent environmental health disparities. Empty column
|
Midwest | |||
Not Enacted |
Empty column
Environmental justice (EJ) community definitions identify the specific, quantifiable thresholds that designate a geographical area as an EJ community. These definitions account for multiple factors, including both environmental and socioeconomic stressors, that may contribute to persistent environmental health disparities. Empty column
|
West |